We understand the angst involved with a visit to the emergency vet after hours. The fees for pet health care appear expensive, especially when compared to human health care. Australian human health care costs are subsidised by government funding. Unfortunately, veterinary care is not subsidised so the costs for diagnostic testing or specialist treatment can be a shock for pet owners. Emergency veterinary fees are determined by the cost of keeping highly skilled veterinarians, nurses and receptionists up all night to look after pets. There are also the costs involved in maintaining the hospital and equipment to deal with every possible emergency. These include surgery, laboratory testing, radiology, ultrasounds, endoscopy, oxygen therapy, intensive care, as well as medications and anti-venenes.